INVITATION

Definition of Invitation :

Invitation tell about how to invite or ask someone to come along or join a particular program or activity . Here are 2 kind of invitation :

Formal invitation :

Formal invitation is usually originate from institute, companies, an a kind of it. Normally formal invitation is written invitation

Informal invitation 

Informal invitation is pursonal invitation given to a friend, family, etc. Infotmation can be written invitation and verbal invitation.

How to Invite someone ??
=) I would like you to
=) would like you to ??
=) shall we ...??
=) Let's have dinner together with me tonight .

How to accept an Invitation :
=) All right !
=) I'll come .
=) I would love to .

How to refuse/decline on Invitation ??
=) I'm afraid. I can't .
=) That's very kind of you, but ..
=) I can't for now because I'm very busy ..

For the Example of dialogue about Invitation ??
Mirja : Hi ! I have a party tomorrow night. Would you like to come ?
Mita : That sound be fun !
Mirja : How about you, Gita ?
Mita : Actually, I want to join, but unfortunately I can't..
Mirja : Oh..That's fine.  

For the example abaout invitaion :
 

APPOINMENT

Definition of Appointment :
Appointment tells about agreement for meeting. It's good to make an Appointment before you meet someone or people .

Making Appointment is a kind of expression wich is used to conduct promise .

How to make an Appointment ??
=) I'd like to make an appointment with ...(you/name) .
=) I want to an appointment to see ...(kim bum)
=) I'd like to make an appointment to see ...(indah)
=) I'd like you to come and see me .
=) Can I come and see you ??
=) What about ...(friday) .

 

How to Accepting an Appointment ??

=) All right, see you there !
=) No problem, I'm free on ...(monday)
=) Be there on time .
=) I will wait for you there .
=) It's a deal .


How to Changing an Appointment ?
=) What about ...(sunday 5 p.m)
=) Is that Ok. If we meet at 10 tomorrow morning ??
=) Do you have another time this afternoon ??
=) Could we change the day (time) of the meeting ??
=) Would you mind if we change the day (time) of the meeting ??


How to Cancelling an Appointment ??
=) I'm sorry. I'm very busy .
=) I'm terrible sorry. I have to put off my appointment .
=) I'm afraid I have to postpone my appointment with ...
    (Toni tomorrow morning) .


Example dialogue about Appointment :
Faisal     : Could I come and see you this afternoon ?? 

Faris       : All right ! see you there . 

Faisal     : Could I came to your home this afternoon ?? 

Faris       : I'll wait for you .

Faisal     : What time I could go to your home ?? 

Faris     : Thank's faisal, I'll be there on time .

HAPPINES EXPRESSIONS

Definition of Happines Expressions :
Happiness Expressions is an expression that is used to show that someone or people one glad have excitid feelings .


What is Happiness ??

=) It is important first understand that the term "happiness" refers to the emotion, mood, and state of happiness, however researchers generally study the more enduring "state" .
=) Expressions is used to expressions happiness feelings when we are successful to do something .

What would you say to express you happiness ??
:: I'm happy because ..

:: Fantastic !
:: Great !
:: My life's fun of happy day .
:: You make me happy .
:: I'm so glad that you .
:: I like !
:: I love !
:: I'm statistied with ..
:: I'm pleased with ..
:: Congratulation !!
:: Exciting !!

We can Happiness Expressions of by :
=) Word (kata-kata)
=) Gestures (Gerakan)

For the Example of dialogue about Happiness Expressions :   

Nhya  : What do you accept from your birthday ,dhina?

Dhina : Fantastic ,I can a new bag from my father. That’s new bag .

It is    very good

Nhya  : Oh, I ‘m happy too hear it.

Dhina : Thank’z ,Nhya

Nhya  : You are welcome

 I’m very happy, because how I can get together with my old friends. Oh, how I miss them.  I see that their appearances have not changed. Wima, the Winner Of  The Piano Competition, is playing us romantic music .

GAINING ATTENTION

Definition of Gaining Attention :
Gaining Attantion is a way or expression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention to that we want to .

Asking for attention (formal) : 

:: Exuse me, I wonder if I could trouble you .
:: May I have your attention, please !
:: Exuse me ! 

:: Sorry to trouble you .
:: Sorry to bother you .

Asking for attention (informal) :
:: Look at me !
:: Look what I’ve got here !
:: Look here !
:: Look !
:: Hey !
:: Attention, Please !

Showing attention:
:: I see .                           

:: Oh , yes .

:: Really ?
:: Mmmmm ...                 

:: Ahaaa ...                       

:: How interesting            

:: I know what you mean  

:: Oh, oh                          

:: Well’ well, well

:: Tell me more about it

:: Oh my god!!! Wkat happens next ?

:: What’s next ?

:: Is that all ?

:: Indeed ?

:: Woww ...

Example :

Deni                : Excuse me, Mr !

Mr. Erwan         : Yes, what happen ?

Deni                  : Can you speak in Germany ?

Mrs. Erwan        : Oh, I can't speak in Germany . I just can speak an english. I'm sorry ..

Deni                  : Ok. Thank's .

Mrs. Erwan        : You're welcome .

SYMPATHY EXPRESSIONS

Definition of Sympathy Expressions :
Sympathy Expressions is an expression or feeling of pity and sorrow when we know and see someone or people are unlucky or have trouble and in bad condition. By expressing sympathy we want to show our concem or carefulness on other people's condition .

How can we give Sympathy Expression to someone :
We express it directly to him/her orally or we can use a letter or card by post also by short massage service (sms), e-mail, television, radio, and newspaper if he/she who got the trouble is far from us .

Several Expression of Sympathy :
:: I'm so sorry to hear that .
:: I'm awfully sorry about ...
:: Oh, how awfully .
:: Oh, dear !
:: How pity you are !

Example of dialogue that expressions : 

Kevin       : Yesterday i lose my phone .

Ali             : Oh dear! I know what you feel . 

Kevin       : hff...but hfff forget it . 

Ali             : Im sorry to hear that .

Kevin       : yes,thanks to your sympathy yuni .

Ali             : Ypu're welcome .

GIVING INSTRUCTION

Definition of Giving Intructions:

 Giving Intructions is an expression that is used in order that other person does what we intruct or request .

The example expression of giving intructions :

=) Open your book !

=) Close the door, please !

=) Stand up, please !

=) Be quiet, please !

=) Move them chair .

1. We use as commanding word in the from of infinite .

    Without to : =) Stand up !

                        =) Clean the room .

2. We use be + adjective, noun or adverb .

    =) be careful

    =) be on time

3. We`use the word don't + verb infinite without .

    To : =) don't move !

           =) don't do it !

4. We use word please at beginning or at the end of an intruction to make it sounds more polite, for .

Example : =) Love me please .

ANNOUNCEMENT

Definition of Announcement :

Announcement is something said, written, or paintend to make know what has happened (more often) what will happen .

In Writing an Announcement, keep the following points :

:: The title / type of event 

:: Date / time, place and

:: Contact person

*For the Example :

1.

                     Attantion Please

                           The student organization (OSIS)    

                       Will hold a weekend camping

                       Next week all student are

                       Allwed to join it

                         

                                                                     Ruben

2.  3  A class Excursion

We travel by bus to Situ Gunung

Days: on Friday – on Sunday

Time: at 9.a.m and at 4.p.m

Tent and floor mars will be provided but you will need a sleeping bag.You will also need  a bag to carry your clothes, a water proof coat and pair of boots.Please bring your own plastic plate, spoon and cup and backpack for emergency equipment.

RECOUNT TEXT

Definition Of Recount Text :

Recount Text is a text that is used to retell event for the purpose of informing of entertaining .

The Generic Structures of Recount Text are :

1. Orientation (It's gives the readers the background information needed to understand the text such as who was involved where it happened, when it happened) .
2. Events (a series of events ordered in a chronological sequence) .
3. Re-Orientation (restates the writer's opinion or personal comment of the writer on the incident) .

Language Features :
1. Use of noun and pronoun .
    Example : David, We, His .
2. Use of action verbs
    Ex : Went, Spent, Played .
3. Use of time conjuction
    Example : And, But, After .
4. Use of adverb and adverb of phrases
    Example : In My House, Two Day Ago, Yesterday, Last Year .
5. Adjectives
    Ex : Beautiful, Sunny .

The Significant Lexicogrammatical features :

=) Uses of simple past tense

=) Uses of temporal conjuction (when, after, before, next, letter, then) .

=) Uses of personal pronoun (I and we) .

NARATIVE TEXT

Definition of Narative Text :

Narative text is a text that is uses for the purpose of entertaining or amusing, creating, stimulating amotions, motivating, guilding and teaching the readers or the listeners and it usually deals with actual or vacious axperience .

=) Narative text such as : Fable (mouse deer and crocodile), lagend / folk tables (sangkuriang, malin kundang), fairy tale (Cinderella, snow white, pinochio) .

Complication: it is about the conflict or the big problem of the story. Complication is the part of the story in which there is a conflict among the characters of the story (it is possible to make more than one conflict in a complication), and it is the climax of the story (the big problem in the story). A story can have more than one complication.

Resolution: it is the solution of the problem. It can be a happy or sad ending. In Resolution, the solution or the way out of the conflict/ the big problem must be written.

Coda: it is the change of one of the character or two, or the meaning of the story that can be caught as a moral value of life.

The Generic of Narative Text  :

1) Orientation : It sets the scane and introduces the participants (it answer the questions = who, when, what, where) .

2) Evaluation : a stepping back to evaluate the plight (the information about the narrator's point of view). It's optional .

3) Complications : a crisis or a problem arises. It usually involves the main characters .

4) Resulation : a solution to the problem (for better or worse) .

5) Resolution : The crisis is revolved, for better or worse .

Linguistic features :

1. Use active verbs.

2. Use past tense.

3. Use conjunction.

4. The first person (I or We) or the third person (He, She, or They).

5. Use specific nouns.

      6. Use adjective and adverbs

Kinds of Narrative Text

• Myth

• Legend

• Fable

• Folklore

Example

 

The Boy who cried “Wolf”

There was once a shepherd-boy who kept his flock at a little distance from the village. Once he thought he would play a trick on the villagers and have some fun at their expense. So he ran toward the village crying out, with all his might,

“Wolf! Wolf! Come and help! The wolves are at my lambs!”

The kind villagers left their work and ran to the field to help him. But when they got there the boy laughed at them for their pains; there was no wolf there.

Still another day the boy tried the same trick, and the villagers came running to help and got laughed at again. Then one day a wolf did break into the fold and began killing the lambs. In great fright, the boy ran for help. 

“Wolf! Wolf!” he screamed. “There is a wolf in the flock! Help!”

The villagers heard him, but they thought it was another mean trick; no one paid the least attention, or went near him. And the shepherd-boy lost all his sheep.

PROCEDURE TEXT

Definition of Procedure Text :
Procedure Text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved throught a squence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes in a squence of steps. This text uses simple present tense, often imperative sentence. It also uses the temporal conjuction such as : First, second, then, next, finally, etc .

=) The Generic structures of procedure text are :
:: Goal / aim (or tittle)
:: Materials ( not required for all procedural text )
:: Steps ( The actions that must be taken )

=) The generic structure of procedure text are :

• Goal/aim (or title)
• Materials (not required for all procedure text)
• Steps (the action that must be taken)

=) Linguistic Features

• Focus on generalized human agents (often implict)
• Use of simple present
• Use of mainly temporal conjunction
• Use of mainly action verbs (often imperratives)

FISH TOCINO

Ingredients:

5 kg fish 3 cup soy sauce 1 tbsp ground pepper

3 cloves crushed garlic 3 cup brown sugar Cooking oil

Procedure:

1. Fillet the fish. Cut the fillet with 4″ length. The cuttings could be used for burger.
2. Mix the garlic, brown sugar, soy sauce and pepper together to dissolve.
3. Pour the mixture over the tilapia fillet.
4. Soak for 6 hours. Drain
5. Sun or air-dry until dry to touch. Pack in polyethylene bag and seal.
6. Keep refrigerated for longer storage.

FISH LONGGANISA

Ingredients:

1 kg minced fish meat 1 tsp all spice powder 1 tbsp ground pepper Pig casing

1/4 cup atsuete 1 tsp vetsin (optional) 1/2 cup garlic Cooking oil

Procedure:

1. Cut the tilapia fillet into cubes and pass through the grinder.
2. Mixed all ingredients and blend well.
3. Stuff manually in a pig casing.
4. Tie it with a cotton thread in equal distance of about 2 inches.
5. Pack in polyethylene bag.
6. Store in freezer for longer storage.

FISH BURGER

Ingredients:

500 grams fish meat 2 tbsp milk powder 1 tsp hamburger seasoning 2 tsp pepper Cooking oil

MSG (optional) 1 chopped onion 1 pc egg 2 tsp salt 1/2 cup breadcrmbs 1 1/2 tsp calamansi

Procedure:

1. Chopped fish meat.
2. Mixed all the ingredients to the chopped fish meat.
3. Mold into round shape.
4. Steam for 2-3 min.
5. Pack in polyethylene bags and freeze
6. Fry before consumption.

PAST TENSE

Definition of Past Tense :

Past tense is to tell the events or incidents at the past time.

Past tense is used :

:: When the speaker thinks of an activity or state as occurred and complete at a specific time in the past .

:: For a non-fact in the present or future  time.This is traditionally called the” subjunctive mood “.

Example : f I had the money now,I’d buy a car .

=) To refer a single event on the past .

Example : I called Mary last night .

=) The past habitual action .

Example : We went to school together,and we shared many experinces .

The Simple Past Tense :

Simple Past Tense is kind of tense which is used to describe an event or action that happened already in a certain time in the past.

Adverbs used: yesterday,last night ,last week,two days ago,a few minutes ago,last weekend ,last month ,last years,in 1984,etc

=) Simple past for regular verbs is added by- ed to the root of a word .

Example : She worked at the office yesterday .

=) A negation is produced by adding did not and the verb in its infinitive form .

Example : She did not work at the office yesterday .

Question sentence are started with did as in Did  she work at the office yesterday ?

Verbal

There are two pattern of Simple Past Tense :

( + ) Subject + verb II + complement

( -  ) Subject + did not + verb I + complement

( ?  ) Did + subject + verb I ?

Nominal

( + ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + Object

( – ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + Not + Object

( ? ) To be ( was/ were ) + Subject + Object ?

Past Continuonus Tense

Past Continuonus Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an event or an action which was happening in a certain in the past.

As with the present tense,the continuous aspect that the activity is in progress ,or that it is uncompleted ,at  the specified time.

The Pattern :

( + ) Subject + to be ( was/were ) + verb – ing + complement

(  - ) Subject + was not / were not + verb- ing + complement

( ? ) Was/were + subject + verb-ing + complement ?

Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till certain or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened.

The Pattern :

( + ) Subject + had + verb III + complement

( – ) Subject + had not + verb III + complement

( ? ) Had + subject + verb III + complement ?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Perfect Continuous Tense is like the past perfect tense ,but it  expresses longer actions in the past.

The Pattern :

( + ) Subject + Had + been + verb –ing + complement

( -  ) Subject + Had + not + been + verb-ing + complement

( ? ) Had + subject + been + verb –ing + complement ?

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

The Definition of Present Tense :

The simple present tense is used to indicate a situation right now at the moment of speaking.

Notes !

• The simple present says something was true in the past, is true in the present, and will be true in the future.
• It is used for general statement of fact.
• The simple present tense is used for habitual or everyday activity.

Nominal sentence

• S + Tobe + adjective/noun /adverb
• S + Tobe+ not + adjective /noun/adverb
• Tobe + S + adjective /noun/ adverb

Example : 

( + )   Dhina is beautiful girl
( – )   Dhina is not beautiful  girl
( ? )   is Dhina beautiful girl?

Verbal sentence

• S + V₁ + or s/es ( he,she,it) + O + Compliment
• S + do/does + O + Compliment
• Do/does + S + O + Compliment

Example  : 

( + )   They watch Tv in the living room
( – )    We do not  eat meat
( ? )    Do we eat meat ?

GREETINGS

Definition of The Greetings :

Greetings is an act of communication in which human beings (as well as other members of the animal kingdom) intentionally make their presence known to each other, to show attantion to, and to suggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other .

Greetings can be expressed both avdibly and physically, and often involve a combination of the two. This topic excludes military and ceremonial salutes but includes rituals other then gestures.

=) How do you greet other people ??

:: Good    = Morning, afternoon, evening night .

:: Hello     = Friend, ......(name of someone) .

:: How      = Are you ??

:: Are you getting along ??

:: Are you doing ??

    - Fine, thank's .

    - Pretty good, thank's .

    - Not bad, thank's .

:: How's   = Everything with you ??

:: Like ??

=) How do you introduce yourself ??

:: Lets me introduce my self, my name is ....

:: Hello, I'm ....

:: Hi, I'm.... you can call me ....

:: Hello, my name is ....

=) How do you introduce other people ??

:: I would like to introduce ...

:: I would like you to meet ...

:: Excuse me, let me introduce you a new friend. His name is ...

=) How do you close or end conversation ??

:: Well I should be going now, see you !

:: Well I must be off now. I will talk to you latter !

:: I'm sorry, but I have to go now, It's been nice talking with you. See you latter !

For the example :

Dhina          : Morning, Mrs. Della

Mrs. Della   : Morning ,dhina .How are you ?

Dhina          : I’m fine. And Mrs ?

Mrs. Della   : Fine too. Well, I must teach again in classroom .See

                     you dhina

Dhina          : Okay .mrs. See you too . Bye-Bye

Greeting Card 

Greeting card is paper (ussualy is decorated with picture) and applied to Gide congratulation or prays for someone or other people
Example:
Utterance card condoles
Felcitation card
Utterance card quikly recovers

VOCABS : SHAPES , PARTS OF BODY

SHAPES

=) Simple Straight Sided Shapes

Example :

:: Rectangle (Persegi Panjang) 
:: Square (Persegi)

:: Triangle (Segitiga)

=) Simple Rounded Shapes

Example :

:: Circle (Lingkaran)                                      

:: Oval (Oval/Lonjong)

=) Simple Rounded Shapes

Example :

:: Circle (Lingkaran)

:: Oval (Oval/Lonjong)

 

=) Types of Triangle
Example :

:: Equilateral Triangle (Segitiga Sama Kaki)

:: Isosceles Triangle (Segitiga Sama Sisi)

:: Rightangled Triangle (Segitiga Siku-Siku)

=) 3D Shapes

Example :

:: Cone (Kerucut)

:: Cube (Kubus)

:: Cylinder (Tabung)

:: Pyramid (Limas)

:: Rectangular (Balok)

:: Prism (Prisma)
:: Sphere (Bola)

=) Mathematical Shapes

Example :

:: Parallelogram (Jajargenjang)

:: Pentagon-5 sides (Segi 5)

::Hexagon-6 sides (Segi 6)

:: Octagen-8 sides (Segi 8)

=) Miscellaneous Shapes

Example :

:: Coffin, Diamond (Belah Ketupat)

:: Heart (Hati)

:: Kite (Layang-layang)

:: Petal, Shell (Kerang/Tiram)

:: Star (Bintang)

:: Teardrop

Part of Body

The Body (Tubuh)

1.Hair → Rambut

2.Head → Kepala

3.Neck → Leher

4.Throat → Tenggorokan

5.Shoulder → Bahu

6.Chest → Dada

7.Back → Punggung

8.Waist → Pinggung

9.Stomach/Tummy → Perut

10.Hip → Pinggul

11.Bottom → Pantat

12.Armpit → Ketiak

13.Arm → Lengan

14.Upper arm → Lengan Atas

15.Elbow → Siku

16.Forearm → Lengan Bawah

17.Wrist → Pergelangan Tangan

18.Fist → Kepalan Tangan

19.Hand → Tanagn

20.Palm → Tapak Tangan

21.Thumb → Ibu Jari

22.Finger → Jari Tangan

23.Nail → Kuku

24.Leg → Kaki

25.Thigh → Paha

26.Knee → Lutut

27.Calf → Betis

28.Ankle → Pergelangan Kaki

29.Foot → Kaki

30.Heel → Tumit

31.Instep → Kura-Kura Kaki

32.Sole → Tapak Kaki

33.Toes → Jari Kaki  

The Skeleton (Rangka Manusia)

1.Skull → Tengkorak

2.Collar-bone → Tulang Selangka

3.Shoulder-blade → Tulang Belikat

4.Ribs → Tulang Rusuk

5.Backbone/Spine → Tulang Belakang / Punggung

6.Breastbone → Tulang dada

7.Hip-bone/Pelvis → Tulang pinggul

8.Kneecap → Tulang Tempurung Kepala 

The Face (Wajah)

1.Eye → Mata

2.Noise → Hidung

3.Ear → Telinga

4.Mouth → Mulut

5.Cheek → Pipi

6.Chin → Dagu

7.Temple → Pelipis

8.Forehead/Brow → Dahi/Kenig

9.Jaw → Rahang

10.Moustache → Kumis

11.Beard → Janggut

12.Tooth → Gigi

13.Lip → Bibir

14.Tongue → Lidah

THE EYE (MATA)

1.Eyeball → Bola Mata

2.Eyebrow → Alis Mata

3.Eyelid → Kelopak Mata

4.Eyelashes → Bulu Mata

5.Pupil → Manik Mata

6.Iris → Selaput Pelangi

THE INSIDES (ORGAN DALAM)

1.Brain → Otak

2.Windpipe → Batang Tenggorokan

3.Heart → Jantung

4.Lung → Paru-Paru

5.Liver → Hati

6.Kidney → Ginjal

7.Intestines → Usus

8.Bladder → Kandung Kemis

9.Vein → Pembuluh Balik

10.Artery → Pembuluh Nadi

11.Muscle → Otot